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An adolescent’s presence in a research discussion does not demonstrate that their questions are being heard. A conversation conducted mainly between adults may hide concerns about visit burden or privacy. Staff can invite those issues through communication suited to the young person’s age and individual needs.
Define the workflow
Applicable permission and participation pathways require review of the local framework, protocol and necessary approvals. General communication advice does not determine that legal route. The investigator can use suitable language, encourage questions and explain the supporting adult’s role within the relevant boundaries.
Worked example
For example, a parent accepts the schedule, but the adolescent hesitates to mention school conflicts. Asking them directly reveals an important burden. Staff honestly explain available options without treating the young person’s view as creating family trouble or showing a lack of commitment to the study.
Practical checks
- Check that explanations address the young person rather than only the accompanying adult.
- Listen appropriately to school, social and daily-life burdens that matter to the adolescent.
- Explain confidentiality and information-sharing boundaries through the applicable study arrangements.
Decision and boundaries
Good communication ensures questions are considered traceably. Participation and representation rules can vary by country and circumstances, so do not assume a universal age or signature requirement. Refer clinical and ethical uncertainty to authorized staff. Developing understanding and changing needs can be revisited through appropriate discussions during the study.
Frequently asked questions
- Is it enough if the parent answers every question?
- The young person’s own views and questions should be heard appropriately, while preserving the necessary legal permission processes.
- At what age does this approach apply?
- Do not give one universal threshold. Authorized staff consider the study, local framework and the individual’s needs together.